Crucea.ro

Bula papala “Inter Gravissimas”, care introducea calendarul gregorian si continutul acesteia:

Inter Gravissimas  Kalendarii nuper restituti, pro festivitatibus S. R. E., suo tempore celebrandis divinisque ibidem officiis recitandis approbatio, et veteris kalendarii abolitio.

Gregorius episcopus servus servorum Dei, ad perpetuam rei memoriam.
Inter gravissimas pastoralis officii nostri curas, ea postrema non est, ut quae a sacro Tridentino concilio Sedi Apostolicae reservata sunt, illa ad finem optatum, Deo adjutore, perducantur.

1. Sane eiusdem concilii patres, cum ad reliquas cogitationes breviarii quoque curam adiungerent, tempore tamen exclusi, rem totam ex ipsius concilii decreto ad auctoritatem et iudicium Romani Pontificis retulerunt.

2. Duo autem breviario praecipue continentur, quorum unum preces laudesque divinas festis profestisque diebus persolvendas complectitur, alterum pertinet ad annuos Paschae festorumque ex eo pendentium recursus, solis et lunae motu metiendos.

3. Atque illud quidem felicis recordationis Pius V, praedecessor noster, absolvendum curavit atque edidit.

4. Hoc vero, quod nimirum exigit legitimam kalendarii restitutionem, iamdiu a Romanis Pontificibus praedecessoribus nostris et saepius tentatum est; verum absolvi et ad exitum perduci ad hoc usque tempus non potuit, quod rationes emendandi kalendarii, quae a coelestium motuum peritis proponebantur, propter magnas et fere inextricabiles difficultates, quas huiusmodi emendatio semper habuit, neque perennes erant, neque antiquos ecclesiasticos ritus incolumes (quod in primis hac in re curandum erat) servabant.

5. Dum itaque nos quoque, credita nobis licet indignis, a Deo dispensatione freti, in hac cogitatione curaque versaremur, allatus est nobis liber a dilecto filio Antonio Lilio, artium et medicinae doctore, quem quondam Aloysius eius germanus frater conscripserat, in quo per novum quemdam epactarum cyclum ab eo excogitatum, et ad certam ipsius aurei numeri normam directum, atque ad quamcumque anni solaris magnitudinem accommodatum, omnia quae in kalendario collapsa sunt, constanti ratione et saeculis omnibus duratura, sic restitui posse ostendit ut kalendarium ipsum nulli umquam mutationi in posterum expositum esse videatur. Novam hanc restituendi kalendarii rationem, exiguo volumine comprehensam, ad christianos principes celebrioresque universitates paucos ante annos misimus, ut res quae omnium communis est, communi etiam omnium consilio perficeretur; illi cum, quod maxime optabamus, concordes respondissent, eorum nos omnium consensione adducti, viros ad kalendarii emendationem adhibuimus in alma Urbe harum rerum peritissimos, quos longe ante ex primariis christiani orbis nationibus delegeramus. Ii cum multum temporis et diligentiae ad eam lucubrationem adhibuissent, et cyclos tam veterum quam recentiorum undique conquisitos ac diligentissime perpensos inter se contulissent, suo et doctorum hominum, qui de ea re scripserunt, iudicio, hunc, prae ceteris, elegerunt epactarum cyclum, cui nonnulla etiam adiecerunt, quae ex accurata circumspectione visa sunt ad kalendarii perfectionem maxime pertinere.

6. Considerantes igitur nos, ad rectam paschalis festi celebrationem iuxta sanctorum Patrum ac veterum Romanorum Pontificum, praesertim Pii et Victoris primorum, necnon magni illius oecumenici concilii Nicaeni et aliorum sanctiones, tria necessaria coniungenda et statuenda esse; primum, certam verni aequinoctii sedem; deinde rectam positionem XIV lunae primi mensis, quae vel in ipsum aequinoctii diem incidit, vel ei proxime succedit; postremo primum quemque diem dominicum, qui eamdem XIV lunam sequitur; curavimus non solum aequinoctium vernum in pristinam sedem, a qua iam a concilio Nicaeno decem circiter diebus recessit, restituendum, et XIV paschalem suo in loco, a quo quatuor et eo amplius dies hoc tempore distat, reponendam, sed viam quoque tradendam et rationem, qua cavetur, ut in posterum aequinoctium et XIV luna a propriis sedibus nunquam dimoveantur.

7. Quo igitur vernum aequinoctium, quod a patribus concilii Nicaeni ad XII kalendas aprilis fuit constitutum, ad eamdem sedem restituatur, praecipimus et mandamus ut de mense octobris anni MDLXXXII decem dies inclusive a tertia nonarum usque ad pridie idus eximantur, et dies, qui festum S. Francisci IV nonas celebrari solitum sequitur, dicatur idus octobris, atque in eo celebretur festum Ss. Dionysii, Rustici et Eleutherii martyrum, cum commemoratione S. Marci Papae et confessoris, et Ss. Sergii, Bacchi, Marcelli et Apulei martyrum; septimodecimo vero kalendas novembris, qui dies proxime sequitur, celebretur festum S. Callisti Papae et martyris; deinde XVI kalendas novembris fiat officium et missa de dominica XVIII post Pentecostem, mutata littera dominicali G in C; quintodecimo denique kalendas novembris dies festus agatur S. Lucae evangelistae, a quo reliqui deinceps agantur festi dies, prout sunt in kalendario descripti.

8. Ne vero ex hac nostra decem dierum subtractione, alicui, quod ad annuas vel menstruas praestationes pertinet, praeiudicium fiat, partes iudicum erunt in controversis, quae super hoc exortae fuerint, dictae subtractionis rationem habere, addendo alios X dies in fine cuiuslibet praestationis.

9. Deinde, ne in posterum a XII kalendas aprilis aequinoctium recedat, statuimus bissextum quarto quoque anno (uti mos est) continuari debere, praeterquam in centesimis annis; qui, quamvis bissextiles antea semper fuerint, qualem etiam esse volumus annum MDC, post eum tamen qui deinceps consequentur centesimi non omnes bissextiles sint, sed in quadringentis quibusque annis primi quique tres centesimi sine bissexto transigantur, quartus vero quisque centesimus bissextilis sit, ita ut annus MDCC, MDCCC, MDCCCC bissextiles non sint. Anno vero MM, more consueto dies bissextus intercaletur, februario dies XXIX continente, idemque ordo intermittendi intercalandique bissextum diem in quadringentis quibusque annis perpetuo conservetur.

10. Quo item XIV paschalis recte inveniatur, itemque dies lunae, iuxta antiquum Ecclesiae morem ex Martyrologio singulis diebus ediscendi, fideli populo vere proponantur, statuimus ut, amoto aureo numero de kalendario, in eius locum substituatur cyclus epactarum; qui ad certam (uti diximus) aurei numeri normam directus, efficit ut novilunium et XIV paschalis vera loca semper retineant. Idque manifeste apparet ex nostri explicatione kalendarii, in quo descriptae sunt etiam tabulae paschales secundum priscum Ecclesiae ritum, quo certius et facilius sacrosanctum Pascha inveniri possit.

11. Postremo, quoniam partim ob decem dies de mense octobris anni MDLXXXII (qui correctionis annus recte dici debet) exemptos, partim ob ternos etiam dies quolibet quadringentorum annorum spatio minime intercalandos, interrumpatur necesse est cyclus litterarum dominicalium XXVIII annorum ad hanc usque diem usitatus in Ecclesia Romana, volumus in eius locum substitui eumdem cyclum XXVIII annorum, ab eodem Lilio, tum ad dictam intercalandi bissexti in centesimis annis rationem, tum ad quamcumque anni solaris magnitudinem, accommodatum; ex quo littera dominicalis beneficio cycli solaris, aeque facile ac prius, ut in proprio canone explicatur, reperiri possit in perpetuum.

12. Nos igitur, ut quod proprium Pontificis Maximi esse solet exequamur, kalendarium immensa Dei erga Ecclesiam suam benignitate iam correctum atque absolutum hoc nostro decreto probamus, et Romae una cum martyrologio imprimi, impressumque divulgari iussimus.

13. Ut vero utrumque ubique terrarum incorruptum ac mendis et erroribus purgatum servetur, omnibus in nostro et S. R. E. dominio mediate vel immediate subiecto commorantibus impressoribus, sub amissionis librorum ac centum ducatorum auri Camerae Apostolicae ipso facto applicandorum; aliis vero, in quacumque orbis parte consistentibus, sub excommunicationis latae sententiae ac aliis arbitrii nostri poenis, ne sine nostra licentia kalendarium aut martyrologium, simul vel separatim, imprimere vel proponere, aut recipere ullo modo audeant vel praesumant, prohibemus.

(Haec prohibitio fuit postea revocata.)

14. Tollimus autem et abolemus omnino vetus kalendarium, volumusque ut omnes patriarchae, primates, archiepiscopi, episcopi, abbates et ceteri ecclesiarum praesides novum kalendarium (ad quod etiam accomodata est ratio martyrologii), pro divinis officiis recitandis et festis celebrandis, in suas quisque ecclesias, monasteria, conventus, ordines, militias et dioeceses introducant, et eo solo utantur, tam ipsi quam ceteri omnes presbyteri et clerici saeculares et regulares utriusque sexus, necnon milites et omnes christifideles, cuius usus incipiet post decem illos dies ex mense octobri anni MDLXXXII exemptos. Iis vero, qui adeo longinquas incolunt regiones, ut ante praescriptum a nobis tempus harum litterarum notitiam habere non possint, liceat, eodem tamen octobri mense insequentis anni MDLXXXIII vel alterius, cum primum scilicet ad eos hae nostrae litterae pervenerint, modo a nobis paulo ante tradito, eiusmodi mutationem facere, ut copiosius in nostro kalendario anni correctionis explicabitur.

15. Pro data autem nobis a Domino auctoritate hortamur et rogamus carissimum in Christo filium nostrum Rodulphum Romanorum regem illustrem, in imperatorem electum, ceterosque reges, principes ac respublicas, iisdemque mandamus ut quo studio illi a nobis contenderunt, ut hoc tam praeclarum opus perficeremus, eodem, immo etiam maiore, ad conservandam in celebrandis festivitatibus inter christianas nationes concordiam, nostrum hoc kalendarium et ipsi suscipiant, et a cunctis sibi subiectis populis religiose suscipiendum inviolateque observandum curent.

16. Verum, quia difficile foret praesentes litteras ad universa christiani orbis loca deferri, illas ad basilicae Principis Apostolorum et Cancellariae Apostolicae valvas, et in acie Campi Florae publicari et affigi; et earumdem litterarum exemplis, etiam impressis, et voluminibus kalendarii et martyrologii insertis et praepositis, sive manu tabellionis publici subscriptis, necnon sigillo personae in dignitate ecclesiastica constitutae obsignatis, eamdem prorsus indubitatam fidem ubique gentium et locorum haberi praecipimus, quae originalibus litteris exhibitis omnino haberetur.

17. Nulli ergo omnino hominum liceat hanc paginam nostrorum praeceptorum, mandatorum, statutorum, voluntatis, probationis, prohibitionis, sublationis, abolitionis, hortationis et rogationis infringere, vel ei auso temerario contraire. Si quis autem hoc attentare praesumpserit, indignationem omnipotentis Dei ac beatorum Petri et Pauli apostolorum eius se noverit incursurum.

Datum Tusculi, anno Incarnationis dominicae millesimo quingentesimo octuagesimo secundo, sexto kalendas martii, pontificatus nostri anno X.

Sequitur declaratio super observatione kalendarii nuper editi, pro illis, qui de mense octobris MDLXXXII illud servare non coeperunt.

Gregorius Papa XIII, ad perpetuam rei memoriam.

Cupientes, pro pastoralis officii nobis divinitus iniuncti sollicitudine, kalendarium, nuper cura et iussu nostro correctum atque editum, ubique locorum ab omnibus qui illud, propter diversa impedimenta, statuto die mensis octobris proxime praeteriti observare non coeperunt, quamprimum in usum recipi, et, prout maxime expediens est, diligenter et exacte servari. Idcirco, ne subsequens mensis octobris, quod quidem nimis longum esset, expectetur, volentes, vigilantiae nostrae providentia, opportuna remedia hisce difficultatibus celeriter adhibere.

1. Motu proprio et ex certa scientia maturaque deliberatione nostra ac de apostolicae potestatis plenitudine, hac nostra perpetuo valitura sanctione statuimus, praecipimus et mandamus ut quicumque, in quibusvis regnis, provinciis, civitatibus et locis constituti, kalendarium emendatum praedictum hactenus nondum observare coeperunt; illud modo et formula infrascripta, semotis cunctis excusationibus et impedimentis, omnino servent, videlicet: cum perventum fuerit ad diem decimam februarii anni millesimi quingentesimi octuagesimi tertii, in quam cadit dominica quinquagesimae secundum antiquum kalendarium, transitus statim fiat ad diem XXI eiusdem mensis februarii, omissis decem diebus inter diem decimam et diem XXI februarii huiusmodi interpositis, quae erit feria secunda post dominicam quinquagesimae (mutata littera dominicali F in B), in qua dicatur officium et missa de S. Valentino presbytero et martyre, cum commemoratione Ss. Faustini et Iovitae martyrum et Sancti Simeonis episcopi et martyris; et feria tertia, de Cathedra; proxima autem feria quarta erit dies Cinerum; atque hoc pacto nulla amplius erit discrepantia in festorum tam mobilium quam fixorum celebratione.

2. Verum, quia difficile foret praesentes litteras ad universa christiani orbis loca deferri, volumus quod illarum transumptis, etiam impressis, manu notarii publici subscriptis, et sigillo personae in dignitate ecclesiastica constitutae obsignatis, eadem prorsus indubitata fides ubivis gentium et locorum habeatur, quae originalibus litteris adhiberetur, si forent exhibitae vel ostensae.

Datum Romae apud Sanctum Petrum, sub annulo Piscatoris, die septima novembris MDLXXXII, pontificatus nostri anno XI.

Si traducerea in engleza:

Inter Gravissimas

Gregory, bishop, servant of the servants of God,
in perpetual memory.

Among our serious pastoral duties, not the last is that we care to complete those sacred rites reserved by the Council of Trent [1545-1563], with the guiding assistance of God.

1. As the fathers of the council also applied their attention and ultimate reflections to the breviary , but were stopped by the lack of time, they wisely decided to refer this entire question to the authority and the judgment of the Roman pontiff.

2. However there are two principal parts in the breviary. The first comprises the prayers and the religious anthems to recite on the public holidays and the working days. The second concerns the annual cycle of Easter and other festivals whose return depends on measuring the movement of the sun and the moon.

3. The reform of the first part, Pius V [1566-1572], our predecessor of happy memory, discharged and put it into force [with the Bull "Quod a nobis", July 9, 1568] .

4. The reform of the second part, which first requires the restoration of the calendar, was tried often, over a long time, by our predecessor Roman pontiffs. However, it could not be carried out, thus far, because the various calendar reform projects proposed by astronomers, in addition to presenting the immense and almost inextricable difficulties which always accompanied such a reform, were not durable, and especially they did not maintain intact the ancient rites of the Church, and that was our first concern in this business.

5. While, therefore, this has been entrusted to us, an undeserved dispensation from God has been allowed. Our dear son Antonio Lilio, professor of science and medicine, brought to us a book, written at one time by his brother Aloysius [Luigi], in which this one showed that, by means of a new cycle of epacts which he had devised, and who directed his own particular Golden Number pattern and accomodated the entirety of any solar year, every [defect of] the calendar collapsed, and the constant calculations would endure for every generation. He was, thus, able to restore and explain how the calendar itself will never need published any further change. This new project of the restoration of the calendar, summarized in a small book, we forwarded a few years ago to the Christian princes and to the large universities so that this work, which is the business of all, is carried out with the consultation of all. Those having expressed their agreement to us, as we had sincerely hoped, we have, with this consensus, arranged a gathering in the Holy City, to reform the calendar, of the very qualified men on the matter whom we had chosen from the principal countries of the Christian world a long time before. Those, after having devoted much time and attention to this night work and having discussed between them cycles which they had collected from everywhere, old ones as well as modern ones, and as they had carefully studied the reflections and the opinions of erudite men who wrote on this subject, chose and prefered this cycle of epacts, adding to it elements which, after thorough examination, appeared essential to the realization of a perfect calendar.

6. One notes in examining this that it is necessary to rule at the same time on three points to restore the celebration of Easter according to rules fixed by the previous Roman pontiffs, particularly Pius I [ca. 140 - 154] and Victor I [ca. 189 - 198, who established Easter's celebration on Sunday, rather than 14 Nisan favored by the "Quartodeciman" bishops of Asia], and by the fathers of the councils, in particular those of the [first] great ecumenical council of Nicæa [May 20 - August 25, AD 325, deciding the following rules]. Namely: First, the precise date of the vernal equinox, then the exact date of the fourteenth day of the moon which reaches this age the very same day as the equinox or immediately afterwards, finally the first Sunday which follows this same fourteenth day of the moon. Therefore we took care not only that the vernal equinox returns on its former date, of which it has already deviated approximately ten days since the Nicene Council, and so that the fourteenth day of the Paschal moon is given its rightful place, from which it is now distant four days and more, but also that there is founded a methodical and rational system which ensures, in the future, that the equinox and the fourteenth day of the moon do not move from their appropriate positions.

7. So thus that the vernal equinox, which was fixed by the fathers of the [first] Nicene Council at XII calends April [March 21], is replaced on this date, we prescribe and order that there is removed, from October of the year the 1582, the ten days which go from the third before Nones [the 5th] through the day before the Ides [the 14th] inclusively. The day which will follow IV Nones [the 4th], when one traditionally celebrates Saint Francis [of Assisi] , shall be the Ides of October [the 15th], and there shall be celebrated this day the festival of the martyred Saints Denis [Bishop of Paris, previously confused with Dionysius the Areopagite], Rusticus [a priest of Denis'], and Eleutherius [a deacon of Denis, feast day October 9 for all three], as well as the memory of Saint Mark, [feast day October 7] pope and confessor, and of the martyred Saints Sergius, Bacchus, Marcellus and Apuleius [feast day October 7]. There shall be celebrated the following day, seventeenth calends November [October 16th], the festival of Saint Callistus[I], pope and martyr [feast day October 14] ; and then shall come XVI calends November [October 17th], the office and the mass of the 18th Sunday after Pentecost; the Sunday letter shall pass from G to C. Finally shall come the place of the fifteenth calends November [October 18th], the festival of Saint Luke the evangelist [feast day October 18] , after which will follow one another the other feastdays, in the way they are described in the calendar.

8. But so that this ten days removal does not cause any injury with whomever must carry out monthly or annual payments, it will fall to the judges, in any litigation which could result from it, to take account of the aforementioned removal by deferring ten days the expiration of any payment.

9. Then, lest the equinox recede from XII calends April [March 21st] in the future, we establish that a bissextile [intercalation day] shall be inserted every four years (as with the present custom), except in centennial years. Those, although they were always bissextile until now, will not be from now on, although we decree that year 1600 is still bissextile; after that, however, those centennial years that follow are not all bissextile, but the first year is, and then three centennial years have no bissextile [intercallation] performed, and, then, the fourth centennial year is indeed bissextile. Thus, the years 1700, 1800 and 1900 will not be bissextile, and then, as with the habit with which we are now accustomed, the year 2000 will have a bissextile intercalation day, as the day February 29, and that the same order of intermittent bissextile intercalations in each four hundred year period will be preserved in perpetuity.

10. Moreover, so that the fourteenth day of the Paschal moon is given with precision and that the age of the moon is presented with precision to the faithful in accordance with the antique use of the Church, to take note of it each day with the reading of martyrology , we order that once the Golden Number is withdrawn from the calendar, one substitutes the cycle of the epacts for it which, thanks to its very precise rules mentioned above for the Golden Number, makes so that the new moon and the fourteenth day of the Paschal moon always hold their place. And this is seen clearly in the explanation of our calendar, where are also presented Paschal tables in conformity with the ancient habits of the Church and which make it possible to find more surely and more easily the sacred date of the Easter.

11. Lastly, partly because of the ten days cut off from October from year 1582 (that one must now call the year of the reform) and partly because of the three days which will not have to be inserted any more during each four hundred year period, it will be necessary to stop the 28 year cycle of the Sunday letters used so far in the Roman Church. We want to substitute for it the same 28 year cycle, as adapted by this same Lilio to the rule of bissextile intercalation for the last years of the century as well as to the whole solar year, so that the Sunday letter can always be given as easily as before using the solar cycle, as that is explained in the canon which is referred to it.

12. We, therefore, with what is traditionally the attribute of sovereign pontiff, we approve this calendar, now reformed and made perfect thanks to the infinite benevolence of God towards his Church, and we order that it is printed in Rome with the martyrology.

13. But so that these orders are maintained intact and clear everywhere of faults and errors, we prohibit all the printers established on the territory subject, with or without intermediary, to our jurisdiction and that of holy Roman Church, to have the audacity or the presumption to print or publish, without our authorization, the calendar or martyrology, together or separately, or to draw benefit in any manner from it, under penalty of the loss of contracts and of a fine of one hundred gold ducats to pay to the Apostolic See. As for others, where that they remain similarly subject, we give them the same prohibition, under penalty of excommunication latæ sententiæ and under other sorrows within our discretion.

14. We thus remove and absolutely abolish the old calendar and we want that all the patriarchs, primacies, archbishops, bishops, abbots and other leaders of Churches put into force for the reading of the divine office and the celebration of the festivals, each one in his Church, monastery, convent, command, army or diocese, the new calendar, to which was adapted the martyrology, and make use only of this one, as well as all the other priests and clerks, secular and regular, of the both genders, as well as soldiers and all Christians, this calendar whose use will start after the ten days removal of October 1582. As for those however which live in areas too distant to take knowledge of this letter in time, they are allowed to make such a change in October of the year which will follow immediately, namely 1583, or the next one, as soon, of course, as this letter will have come to them, in the manner that we indicated above and as that will be more abundantly explained in the calendar of the year of the reform.

15. In addition, under the terms of the authority with which we were invested by God, we exhort and request our very dear sons in Christ, our illustrious Rudolph II, King of the Romans become emperor, as well as the other kings and princes, just as the republics. We recommend to them, both since they sought us to achieve this very admirable work, but also, and even especially, in order to maintain harmony between the Christian nations in the celebration of the festivals, to adopt for themselves our calendar and to take care that all their subjects adopt it respectfully and conform to it scrupulously.

16. As it would be difficult however to forward this letter to all the countries of the Christian world, we order that it is made public and displayed on the gates of the basilica of the Apostolic Prince and on those of the Apostolic Chancellery, as well as at the entry of Campo dei Fiori. Also, among all people and in all the countries, one shall grant the same absolute credit to copies of this letter, even printed, accompanied by specimens by the calendar and martyrology mentioned previously, at the same time with the signed hand and notary seal of a public and authenticated dignitary of the Church, that that which would be granted by all to the displayed original letter.

17. No one among men, therefore, is permitted to infringe on this page, our [§7] prescription, mandate, [§§9,10,11] establishment, wish, [§12] approval, [§13] prohibition, [§14] suppression, abolition, [§15] exhortation and request, nor dare reckless opposition. But if you tamper with this, Almighty God will take you up with indignation, and you will have the fortune to encounter his apostles Peter and Paul.

Given at Tusculum [now part of Frascati], in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1581[in the Easter year style of Florence; i.e. 1582], sixth calends March [February 24th], of our pontificate, year 10. Cae. Glorierius A. de Alexijs [chancellors to the Pope]

A note on the English Translation: The translation was made with the help of many human and Internet sources, from both the French and from the original Latin. Helpful feedback was obtained from Rodolphe Audette and Robert H. van Gent. Special Internet help was obtained from Altavista’s babelfish, a Latin Translator (beta) by Adam McLean, Latin Words by William Whitaker, and New Advent’s The Catholic Encyclopedia.

Bill Spencer, November 24-28, AD 1999, according to the Gregorian Calendar.

Gheorghe Vanau